Biologic Response Modifiers (BRMs)

How Biologic Response Modifiers are Used

BRMs treat several medical conditions, primarily autoimmune diseases and cancer. These medications selectively target distinct elements of the immune system or cancer cells. In the context of cancer treatment, BRMs act as immunostimulants, enhancing the immune system’s ability to identify and attack abnormal cells. Conversely, BRMs mitigate inflammation by acting as an immunosuppressant in autoimmune disease management. 

A few examples of conditions treated with BRMs include:

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Psoriasis
• Crohn’s Disease
• Ulcerative colitis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
• Melanoma
• Breast cancer
• Kidney cancer        
• Leukemia           

Healthcare providers administer BRMs via intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), or oral routes. The frequency of administration varies based on the medical indication and the medication’s half-life, with dosing intervals ranging from weekly, biweekly, monthly, to bimonthly.

Adverse Effects 

BRMs are not recommended for patients with immunodeficiency syndromes, active infections, or a history of recurrent infections. The available evidence supporting their efficacy in pregnant or breastfeeding patients is limited. 

Common side effects include: 

• Fever
• Nausea
• Weakness
• Muscle aches
• Skin rash
• Loss of appetite 
• Redness, pain, or swelling at the injection site

More serious complications include:

• Increased risk of serious infections
• Increased risk of certain malignancies
• Angioedema due to an acute hypersensitivity reaction 
• Cutaneous infection at the injection site