Thrush

What are the Causes?

Oral thrush is primarily triggered by a failure in the body’s natural defense mechanisms against fungal overgrowth. Key contributing factors include:

• Weakened Immunity: Prevalent among infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, such as those undergoing cancer treatment or with HIV/AIDS.
• Diabetes: Poorly controlled diabetes increases sugar content in saliva, promoting Candida growth.
• Medications: Prolonged use of antibiotics or corticosteroids can disturb the microbial balance.
• Other Conditions: Dry mouth and ill-fitting dentures can also contribute to its development.

What are the Symptoms?

Clinically, oral thrush manifests as:

• Creamy White Lesions: Usually appear on the tongue, inner cheeks, and sometimes on the roof of the mouth, gums, and tonsils.
• Discomfort: Redness, soreness, and a cottony feeling in the mouth, often leading to difficulty eating or swallowing.
• Systemic Symptoms: In severe cases, particularly in immunocompromised patients, the lesions can extend into the esophagus, causing pain and difficulty swallowing.

Prevention and Treatment

Managing oral thrush involves both treatment and preventive strategies:

• Antifungal Agents: Typical treatment involves antifungal medications like fluconazole.
• Oral Hygiene: Regular mouth rinsing and proper dental care can reduce the risk.
• Diet Control: Limiting sugar-rich foods to prevent fungal proliferation.
• Optimized Glycemic Control: For people with diabetes, effective blood sugar management can help deter Candida albicans overgrowth.